Then, a warning popped up: “This file may harm your device. Install unknown app?”

The sun blazed down on the crowded internet cafe in Makassar. Inside, 18-year-old Putra stared at his cracked smartphone screen, frustrated. His Bus Simulator Indonesia (BUSSID) game was open, showing the same old green city bus he’d been driving for months.

He tapped download. The file was 78MB. The progress bar moved like melting ice. 20%... 45%... 72%... His finger hovered over the ‘Install’ button.